Introduction to Types and Functions of Fasteners
Release time:
2022-08-01
Fasteners are a type of mechanical component widely used for fastening connections. It is also the most widely used mechanical basic component. Its characteristics are a wide variety of specifications, diverse performance and applications, and a high degree of standardization, serialization, and generalization.
What are the types of fasteners and what are their respective functions?
Fasteners are a type of mechanical component widely used for fastening connections. It is also the most widely used mechanical basic component. Its characteristics are a wide variety of specifications, diverse performance and applications, and a high degree of standardization, serialization, and generalization. Therefore, some people also refer to a type of fastener that already has national standards as standard fasteners.
The common types of fasteners are generally divided into two categories: standard parts and non-standard parts. According to these two categories, they can be further divided into several categories such as bolts, screws, nuts, washers, retaining rings, pins, rivets, etc. Each type has different uses.
1. Bolt: A type of fastener consisting of a head and a screw (a cylindrical body with external threads), which needs to be matched with a nut to securely connect two parts with through holes. This type of connection is called bolted connection. If the nut is unscrewed from the bolt, the two parts can be separated, so the bolt connection is a detachable connection.
2. Stud: A type of fastener that does not have a head and only has external threads on both ends. When connecting, one end of it must be screwed into the part with an internal threaded hole, and the other end must be threaded through the part with a through-hole, and then a nut must be screwed on, even if these two parts are tightly connected as a whole. This type of connection is called a bolted connection and is also a detachable connection. Mainly used in situations where one of the connected parts has a large thickness, requires a compact structure, or is not suitable for bolt connection due to frequent disassembly.
3. Screw: It is also a type of fastener consisting of a head and a screw, which can be divided into three categories according to their use: machine screws, set screws, and special-purpose screws. Machine screws are mainly used for fastening connections between a part with a threaded hole and a part with a through-hole, without the need for nut fitting (this type of connection is called a screw connection, which is also a detachable connection; it can also be used in conjunction with a nut for fastening connections between two parts with through-hole). Tightening screws are mainly used to fix the relative position between two parts. Special purpose screws such as lifting ring screws are used for lifting parts.
4. Nut: with internal threaded holes, generally in the shape of a flat hexagonal column, but also in the shape of a flat square column or a flat cylindrical shape, used in conjunction with bolts, screws or machine screws to fasten and connect two parts into a whole. There are two special types of nuts. The first type is high-strength self-locking nuts, which is a classification of self-locking nuts with high strength and reliability. The main premise is to introduce European technology for use in road construction machinery, mining machinery, vibration machinery equipment, etc. Currently, there are few domestic manufacturers producing such products. The second type is nylon self-locking nut, which is a new type of high anti vibration and anti loosening fastening component that can be applied to various mechanical and electrical products at temperatures ranging from -50 to 100 ℃. At present, the demand for nylon self-locking nuts in aerospace, aviation, tanks, mining machinery, automobile transportation machinery, agricultural machinery, textile machinery, electrical products, and various types of machinery has increased dramatically. This is because its anti vibration and anti loosening performance is much higher than other anti loosening devices, and its vibration life is several times or even dozens of times longer. More than 80% of current mechanical equipment accidents are caused by loose fasteners, especially in mining machinery. The use of nylon self-locking nuts can prevent major accidents caused by loose fasteners.
5. Self tapping screw: Similar to machine screws, but the thread on the screw is a specialized thread for self tapping screws. Used to fasten and connect two thin metal components into a single unit, small holes need to be pre made on the components. Due to the high hardness of these screws, they can be directly screwed into the holes of the components to form corresponding internal threads. This type of connection is also a detachable connection.
6. Wood screws: Similar to machine screws, but the thread on the screw is a specialized wood screw thread that can be directly screwed into a wooden component (or part) to securely connect a metal (or non-metal) part with a through-hole to a wooden component. This type of connection is also a detachable connection.
7. Gasket: A type of fastener with a flat circular shape. Placed between the support surface of bolts, screws or nuts and the surface of the connecting parts, it plays a role in increasing the contact surface area of the connected parts, reducing the unit area pressure, and protecting the surface of the connected parts from damage; Another type of elastic washer can also prevent the nut from loosening.
8. Retaining ring: Used to be installed in the shaft groove or hole groove of machines or equipment, it plays a role in preventing the parts on the shaft or hole from moving left and right.
9. Sales: Mainly used for component positioning, some can also be used for component connection, fixing components, transmitting power, or locking other fasteners.
10. Rivet: A type of fastener consisting of a head and a shank, used to fasten and connect two parts (or components) with through holes, making them a whole. This type of connection is called rivet connection, abbreviated as riveting. Belonging to non detachable connections. Because in order to separate the two connected parts, it is necessary to break the rivets on the parts.
11. Combination parts and connecting pairs: Combination parts refer to a type of fastener supplied in combination, such as a machine screw (or bolt, self supplied screw) supplied in combination with a flat washer (or spring washer, locking washer); A connecting pair refers to a type of fastener that combines a specific type of bolt, nut, and washer, such as a high-strength large hexagonal head bolt connecting pair used in steel structures.
12. Welding nail: A heterogeneous fastener composed of a nail rod and a nail head (or no nail head), which is fixed and connected to a part (or component) by welding method for further connection with other parts.
What is the main function of fasteners? Fasteners are a type of mechanical component widely used for fastening connections. Various types of fasteners can be seen on various machinery, equipment, vehicles, ships, railways, bridges, buildings, structures, tools, instruments, and supplies. Its characteristics are a wide variety of specifications, diverse performance and applications, and a high degree of standardization, serialization, and universality. Return to Sohu to view more
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article only represent the author himself. The Sohu account is an information publishing platform, and Sohu only provides information storage space services.
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